{"id":121,"date":"2017-06-14T11:06:35","date_gmt":"2017-06-14T10:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/?page_id=121"},"modified":"2017-08-20T10:33:05","modified_gmt":"2017-08-20T09:33:05","slug":"what-is-narrative","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/?page_id=121","title":{"rendered":"What is narrative?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As we have seen, narrative in its broadest sense is storytelling. More precisely, though, it involves <em>the representation\u00a0of an <strong>event<\/strong> or <strong>sequence of events<\/strong> that takes place <strong>in time<\/strong><\/em>. Thus, for something to qualify as a narrative \u2013 rather than, say, as a lecture or description \u2013 it must contain at least one event and give us some sense of the progression of time.<\/p>\n<p>Try to memorise that more extended definition and then take the following short quiz to see if you have understood how it might apply in practice. By asking you to identify which painting, which short sentence and which longer passage of prose contains the basic elements of narrative, this multiple-choice quiz allows you to ensure you have a basic understanding of the difference between narrative and non-narrative.<\/p>\n<p>(Once you have submitted your answers and completed the quiz, click on the\u00a0<em>View Questions<\/em> button at the end to see fuller explanations for why some of the examples are narratives and some are not)<\/p>\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_1\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 3 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                            <p>\n                    <span class=\"wpProQuiz_correct_answer\">0<\/span> of <span>3<\/span> questions answered correctly                <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz_time\">\n                    Your time: <span><\/span>                <\/p>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You have reached <span>0<\/span> of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                    <table>\n                        <tbody>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <\/tbody>\n                    <\/table>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"restartQuiz\"\n                           value=\"Restart quiz\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"reShowQuestion\"\n                           value=\"View questions\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                            <input type=\"button\" name=\"quizSummary\"\n                               value=\"Quiz-summary\" class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\"\n                               style=\"float: right;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\"  >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Using our definition of narrative as the representation of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time, identify which of the three paintings below counts as a narrative (there is only one correct answer):<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. Tomb of the Diver, Unknown artist, 5th century B.C.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-124\" src=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tomb-of-diver.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"390\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0<em>Paradise <\/em>by\u00a0Lucas Cranach the Elder, c.1530<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-127\" src=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/cranach-paradise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"508\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0<em>Suprematist Composition <\/em>by\u00a0Kazimir Malevich,\u00a01916<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-128\" src=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/malevich-suprematist-composition-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1499\" \/><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_2\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Tomb of the Diver, Unknown artist, 5th century B.C.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_2\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Paradise, Lucas Cranach the Elder, c.1530                                             <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_2\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Suprematist Composition, Kazimir Malevich, 1916                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Well done! The correct answer is indeed number 2: Lucas Cranach\u2019s\u00a0<em>Paradise<\/em>. This is because Cranach\u2019s painting tells a story \u2013 the story of the sequence of events that befell Adam and Eve from their creation to their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Depending on the order in which we look at the individual scenes in this painting, Cranach\u2019s\u00a0<em>Paradise<\/em>\u00a0does not necessarily tell us this story in chronological order, but it does convey to us a sense of the passage of time \u2013 a sense of \u2018before\u2019 and \u2018after.\u2019 Thus, this painting fulfils both parts of our definition of narrative: it represents an event (or in this case a sequence of events) and it gives the impression that these events take place over time. Whether a work of art or a book\u00a0tells its story in the order in which it happens, in reverse order or by jumping from one moment in time to another is irrelevant for determining whether it is a narrative or not. So long as a sense of time is involved in its telling of events, it is a narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Painting number 1, from the so-called\u00a0<em>Tomb of the Diver<\/em> in Paestum, Italy, occupies something of a grey area. It clearly represents an event \u2013 somebody diving \u2013 so it fulfils one of the two requirements of our definition of narrative. Some people might also claim that\u00a0this painting\u00a0conveys a sense of the passage of time too, since when we look at the scene before us we can imagine the moment just before the one that is actually depicted (when he dived) and anticipate the moment to come (when he hits the water). Nonetheless, this sense of time is something we ourselves project upon this painting; it is not something the painting itself generates (unlike Cranach\u2019s painting). Indeed, many people could quite reasonably claim that in this painting time is frozen, moving neither forwards nor backwards. For this reason, this painting cannot be called a narrative in the fullest sense.<\/p>\n<p>Painting number 3, Kazimir Malevich\u2019s\u00a0<em>Suprematist\u00a0<\/em><i>Composition<\/i> is very obviously not a narrative. Someone might say \u201cI bet there\u2019s a story behind this painting\u201d and they could very well be right. But since the painting itself does not represent this\u00a0event \u2013 or, indeed, any event \u2013 taking place, it cannot possibly be a narrative.<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Wrong!<\/p>\n<p>The correct answer is number 2: Lucas Cranach\u2019s\u00a0<em>Paradise<\/em>. This is because Cranach\u2019s painting tells a story \u2013 the story of the sequence of events that befell Adam and Eve from their creation to their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Depending on the order in which we look at the individual scenes in this painting, Cranach\u2019s\u00a0<em>Paradise<\/em>\u00a0does not necessarily tell us this story in chronological order, but it does convey to us a sense of the passage of time \u2013 a sense of \u2018before\u2019 and \u2018after.\u2019 Thus, this painting fulfils both parts of our definition of narrative: it represents an event (or in this case a sequence of events) and it gives the impression that these events take place over time. Whether a work of art or a book\u00a0tells its story in the order in which it happens, in reverse order or by jumping from one moment in time to another is irrelevant for determining whether it is a narrative or not. So long as a sense of time is involved in its telling of events, it is a narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Painting number 1, from the so-called\u00a0<em>Tomb of the Diver<\/em> in Paestum, Italy, occupies something of a grey area. It clearly represents an event \u2013 somebody diving \u2013 so it fulfils one of the two requirements of our definition of narrative. Some people might also claim that\u00a0this painting\u00a0conveys a sense of the passage of time too, since when we look at the scene before us we can imagine the moment just before the one that is actually depicted (when he dived) and anticipate the moment to come (when he hits the water). Nonetheless, this sense of time is something we ourselves project upon this painting; it is not something the painting itself generates (unlike Cranach\u2019s painting). Indeed, many people could quite reasonably claim that in this painting time is frozen, moving neither forwards nor backwards. For this reason, this painting cannot be called a narrative in the fullest sense.<\/p>\n<p>Painting number 3, Kazimir Malevich\u2019s\u00a0<em>Suprematist\u00a0<\/em><i>Composition<\/i> is very obviously not a narrative. Someone might say \u201cI bet there\u2019s a story behind this painting\u201d and they could very well be right. But since the painting itself does not represent this\u00a0event \u2013 or, indeed, any event \u2013 taking place, it cannot possibly be a narrative.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\"  >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Using our definition of narrative as the representation of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time, identify which of the following three sentences is a narrative (there is only one correct answer):<\/p>\n<p>1. My cat is aggressive<br \/>\n2. My cat chased the neighbour\u2019s dog all the way down the road<br \/>\n3. There is no way my cat would ever chase your dog all the way down the road!<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"3\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_3\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> My cat is aggressive                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_3\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> My cat chased the neighbour\u2019s dog all the way down the road                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_3\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> There is no way my cat would ever chase your dog all the way down the road!                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Well done!<\/p>\n<p>The first of these sentences is a description rather than a narrative because nothing happens; it simply describes my cat.<\/p>\n<p>The second sentence is a narrative because something does happen: it tells of an event (my cat chasing a dog) that takes place in time (the period of time during which the chase occurred, from one end of the road to the other).<\/p>\n<p>The third sentence is more complicated than the other two. Taken as a whole, it is neither a description nor a narrative, but an assertion (a claim or argument). Note, however, that despite not being a narrative, this sentence still contains a narrative (the story \u2013 true or otherwise \u2013 of my cat chasing the neighbour\u2019s dog down the road). Many works of literature are like this: they may not be examples of narrative literature overall, but this does not mean they cannot still contain passages of narrative within them. When they do contain such passages, those passages should still be treated as narratives and analysed using the strategies outlined in this module.<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Wrong!<\/p>\n<p>The first of these sentences is a description rather than a narrative because nothing happens; it simply describes my cat.<\/p>\n<p>The second sentence is a narrative because something does happen: it tells of an event (my cat chasing a dog) that takes place in time (the period of time during which the chase occurred, from one end of the road to the other).<\/p>\n<p>The third sentence is more complicated than the other two. Taken as a whole, it is neither a description nor a narrative, but an assertion (a claim or argument). Note, however, that despite not being a narrative, this sentence still contains a narrative (the story \u2013 true or otherwise \u2013 of my cat chasing the neighbour\u2019s dog down the road). Many works of literature are like this: they may not be examples of narrative literature overall, but this does not mean they cannot still contain passages of narrative within them. When they do contain such passages, those passages should still be treated as narratives and analysed using the strategies outlined in this module.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\"  >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Using our definition of narrative as the representation of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time, try to identify which of the following three passages is a narrative (there is only one correct answer):<\/p>\n<p>1. In the photograph, the station was a haven of beauty and tranquillity. Against a backdrop of misty mountains, candy floss clouds and an azure sky, the waves of the fjord were green, blue and white, in stark contrast to the rusty old steam engine in its siding.<\/p>\n<p>2. 12.00 Ostersund<\/p>\n<p>20.00 Stockholm<\/p>\n<p>04.00 Oslo<\/p>\n<p>06. 00 Volda<\/p>\n<p>3. By the time the train pulled into Volda Central Station, Montmorency was exhausted. The journey had been a long one and as he dragged himself up onto his feet, stretched and shook himself, he felt as if he had been trodden on and kicked all night. Had it just been a dream, he asked himself, as the recollection of the sinister-looking man with the flashing red eyes playing cards in the restaurant car shot through him like a lightning bolt from the heavens. All had gone well until that fateful stop somewhere between Stockholm and Oslo \u2026<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"4\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_4\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> In the photograph ...                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_4\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> 12.00 Ostersund ...                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span ><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1_4\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> By the time the train pulled into Volda Central Station ...                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Well done!<\/p>\n<p>The first of these passages is a description, the second a schedule, the third a narrative.<\/p>\n<p>This might at first glance seem obvious, but if we compare passage 3 (the narrative) with the other two passages, the picture becomes rather more interesting. For this comparison helps us see two important things about narrative: that it may involve more than the simple representation of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time that has been our basic working definition so far; and that just as a narrative may well include other forms of discourse (such as argumentation, information, description and so on) as a part of its narrative technique, so too may other forms of discourse include narrative elements in order to accomplish what they set out to achieve.<\/p>\n<p>The first of these points should become clear if we compare passages 2 and 3 and assume that they both relate to the same train journey. Indeed, there are narratologists (experts in the study of narrative) who would claim that passage 2 has as much right to be considered a narrative as passage 3. This is because it too represents an event (a train journey) and it too conveys a sense of the passage of time (in as far as we can work out when the train is due to arrive at each stop and how long it takes to get from one stop to another). For most people, though, it feels wrong to call a schedule like this a narrative. Something seems to be missing from passage 2 that is present in passage 3 and that makes that second passage a narrative in a way that its predecessor is not. This \u2018something\u2019 is important: unlike passage 3, passage 2 does not tell a story; it merely conveys information.<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Wrong!<\/p>\n<p>The first of these passages is a description, the second a schedule, the third a narrative.<\/p>\n<p>This might at first glance seem obvious, but if we compare passage 3 (the narrative) with the other two passages, the picture becomes rather more interesting. For this comparison helps us see two important things about narrative: that it may involve more than the simple representation of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time that has been our basic working definition so far; and that just as a narrative may well include other forms of discourse (such as argumentation, information, description and so on) as a part of its narrative technique, so too may other forms of discourse include narrative elements in order to accomplish what they set out to achieve.<\/p>\n<p>The first of these points should become clear if we compare passages 2 and 3 and assume that they both relate to the same train journey. Indeed, there are narratologists (experts in the study of narrative) who would claim that passage 2 has as much right to be considered a narrative as passage 3. This is because it too represents an event (a train journey) and it too conveys a sense of the passage of time (in as far as we can work out when the train is due to arrive at each stop and how long it takes to get from one stop to another). For most people, though, it feels wrong to call a schedule like this a narrative. Something seems to be missing from passage 2 that is present in passage 3 and that makes that second passage a narrative in a way that its predecessor is not. This \u2018something\u2019 is important: unlike passage 3, passage 2 does not tell a story; it merely conveys information.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_1',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 1,\n                    mode: 0,\n                    globalPoints: 3,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 0,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [3],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"2\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":2,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,1,0]},\"3\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":3,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,1,0]},\"4\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":4,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Completing that quiz should have added some\u00a0extra layers of refinement and nuance to the understanding of narrative offered at the top of this page. If this is a topic that interests you and you would like to find out more about some of the further characteristics scholars have contended should be regarded as essential elements of narrative, take a look <a href=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/?page_id=150\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a> for a brief overview.<\/p>\n<p>The examples we have just looked at in any case highlight three important points about narrative we certainly should keep in mind as we continue\u00a0our study:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>in the arts, narratives appear in\u00a0different\u00a0media (such as paintings, books and films) and different genres\u00a0(such as plays, poems and\u00a0prose)<\/li>\n<li>narratives often employ\u00a0other, non-narrative forms of discourse (such as description, information and argumentation) as part of their narrative technique. At the same time,\u00a0passages of\u00a0narrative are in turn employed by\u00a0other forms of discourse in order to help them achieve\u00a0<em>their<\/em> specific goals of persuading, informing and\/or\u00a0appealing to the emotions of their readers, viewers and listeners<\/li>\n<li>to be considered a narrative, a work of art must do more than merely represent an event or sequence of events that takes place in time; they must do so in a manner that feels as if they are <em>telling a story<\/em>\u00a0(if you wish to acquire a fuller sense of what this entails,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/?page_id=155\" rel=\"noopener\">this page<\/a> illustrates the point with reference to the third of the questions contained in the quiz you have just completed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That last point is especially crucial\u00a0and explains why we will continue to define narrative as <em>storytelling<\/em> throughout this module.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Next: <a href=\"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/?page_id=173\">The importance of narrative and narratology<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we have seen, narrative in its broadest sense is storytelling. More precisely, though, it involves the representation\u00a0of an event or sequence of events that takes place in time. Thus, for something to qualify as a narrative \u2013 rather than, say, as a lecture or description \u2013 it must contain at least one event and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":115,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-121","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1690,"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/121\/revisions\/1690"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/licor.hivolda.no\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}